Answers for Wooldridge

Different REGRESSION After finishing this section, you ought to have the option to: comprehend model structure utilizing various relapse examination apply numerous relapse investigation to business dynamic circumstances break down and decipher the PC yield for a numerous relapse model test the importance of the free factors in a various relapse model utilize variable changes to demonstrate nonlinear connections perceive possible issues in various relapse investigation and find a way to address the issues. ncorporate subjective factors into the relapse model by utilizing sham factors. Different Regression Assumptions The blunders are regularly disseminated The mean of the mistakes is zero Errors have a consistent difference The model blunders are autonomous Model Specification Decide what you need to do and choose the reliant variable Determine the likely free factors for your model Gather test information (perceptions) for all factors The Correlation Matrix Correlation between the ne edy variable and chose free factors can be discovered utilizing Excel:Tools/Data Analysis†¦/Correlation Can check for measurable noteworthiness of relationship with a t test Example A merchant of solidified desert pies needs to assess factors thought to impact request Dependent variable: Pie deals (units every week) Independent factors: Price (in $) Advertising ($100’s) Data is gathered for 15 weeks Pie Sales Model Sales = b0 + b1 (Price) + b2 (Advertising) Interpretation of Estimated Coefficients Slope (bi) Estimates that the normal estimation of y changes by bi units for every 1 unit increment in Xi holding every other variable constantExample: in the event that b1 = - 20, at that point deals (y) is required to diminish by an expected 20 pies for every week for each $1 increment in selling cost (x1), net of the impacts of changes because of publicizing (x2) y-block (b0) The evaluated normal estimation of y when all xi = 0 (accepting all xi = 0 is inside the scope of wa tched esteems) Pie Sales Correlation Matrix Price versus Deals : r = - 0. 44327 There is a negative relationship among cost and deals Advertising versus Deals : r = 0. 55632 There is a positive relationship among promoting and deals Scatter DiagramsComputer programming is commonly used to produce the coefficients and proportions of integrity of fit for numerous relapse Excel: Tools/Data Analysis†¦/Regression Multiple Regression Output The Multiple Regression Equation Using The Model to Make Predictions Input esteems Multiple Coefficient of Determination Reports the extent of all out variety in y clarified by all x factors taken together Multiple Coefficient of Determination Adjusted R2 never diminishes when another x variable is added to the model This can be an inconvenience when looking at modelsWhat is the net impact of including another variable? We lose a level of opportunity when another x variable is included Did the new x variable add enough informative capacity to coun terbalance the loss of one level of opportunity? Shows the extent of variety in y clarified by all x factors balanced for the quantity of x factors utilized (where n = test size, k = number of autonomous factors) Penalize unnecessary utilization of insignificant free factors Smaller than R2 Useful in looking at among models Multiple Coefficient of Determination Is the Model Significant? F-Test for Overall Significance of the ModelShows if there is a direct connection between the entirety of the x factors considered together and y Use F test measurement Hypotheses: H0: ? 1 = ? 2 = †¦ = ? k = 0 (no straight relationship) HA: in any event one ? I ? 0 (at any rate one autonomous variable influences y) F-Test for Overall Significance Test measurement: where F has (numerator) D1 = k and (denominator) D2 = (n †k †1) degrees of opportunity H0: ? 1 = ? 2 = 0 HA: ? 1 and ? 2 not both zero ( = . 05 df1= 2 df2 = 12 Are Individual Variables Significant? Use t-trial of individual v ariable inclines Shows if there is a direct connection between the variable xi and yHypotheses: H0: ? I = 0 (no direct relationship) HA: ? I ? 0 (direct relationship exists among xi and y) H0: ? I = 0 (no direct relationship) HA: ? I ? 0 (straight relationship exists among xi and y) t Test Statistic: (df = n †k †1) Inferences about the Slope: t Test Example H0: ? I = 0 HA: ? I ? 0 Confidence Interval Estimate for the Slope Standard Deviation of the Regression Model The gauge of the standard deviation of the relapse model is: Standard Deviation of the Regression Model The standard deviation of the relapse model is 47. 46 A harsh expectation go for pie deals in a given week isPie deals in the example were in the 300 to 500 every week run, so this range is most likely too enormous to possibly be satisfactory. The investigator might need to search for extra factors that can clarify a greater amount of the variety in week after week deals OUTLIERS If a perception surpasses UP=Q 3+1. 5*IQR or if a perception is littler than LO=Q1-1. 5*IQR where Q1 and Q3 are quartiles and IQR=Q3-Q1 What to do if there are exceptions? Once in a while it is suitable to erase the whole perception containing the oulier. This will for the most part increment the R2 and F test measurement esteems Multicollinearity: High connection exists between two free variablesThis implies the two factors contribute excess data to the various relapse model Including two exceptionally corresponded autonomous factors can unfavorably influence the relapse results No new data gave Can prompt temperamental coefficients (enormous standard blunder and low t-values) Coefficient signs may not coordinate earlier desires Some Indications of Severe Multicollinearity Incorrect signs on the coefficients Large change in the estimation of a past coefficient when another variable is added to the model A formerly critical variable becomes inconsequential when another free factor is addedThe gauge of the standar d deviation of the model increments when a variable is added to the model Output for the pie deals model: Since there are just two illustrative factors, only one VIF is accounted for VIF is < 5 There is no proof of collinearity among Price and Advertising Qualitative (Dummy) Variables Categorical logical variable (sham variable) with at least two levels: yes or no, on or off, male or female coded as 0 or 1 Regression blocks are unique if the variable is noteworthy Assumes equivalent slants for different factors The quantity of sham factors required is (number of levels †1)Dummy-Variable Model Example (with 2 Levels) Interpretation of the Dummy Variable Coefficient Dummy-Variable Models (multiple Levels) The quantity of sham factors is one not exactly the quantity of levels Example: y = house cost ; x1 = square feet The style of the house is likewise thought to issue: Style = farm, split level, townhouse Dummy-Variable Models (multiple Levels) Interpreting the Dummy Variable Coefficients (with 3 Levels) Nonlinear Relationships The connection between the needy variable and a free factor may not be direct Useful when disperse outline shows non-straight relationshipExample: Quadratic model The second autonomous variable is the square of the main variable Polynomial Regression Model where: ?0 = Population relapse consistent ?I = Population relapse coefficient for variable xj : j = 1, 2, †¦k p = Order of the polynomial (I = Model mistake Linear versus Nonlinear Fit Quadratic Regression Model Testing for Significance: Quadratic Model Test for Overall Relationship F test measurement = Testing the Quadratic Effect Compare quadratic model with the straight model Hypotheses (No second request polynomial term) (second request polynomial term is required) Higher Order Models Interaction EffectsHypothesizes collaboration between sets of x factors Response to one x variable changes at various degrees of another x variable Contains two-way cross item terms Effect of Interaction Without association term, impact of x1 on y is estimated by ? 1 With communication term, impact of x1 on y is estimated by ? 1 + ? 3 x2 Effect changes as x2 builds Interaction Example Hypothesize cooperation between sets of free factors Hypotheses: H0: ? 3 = 0 (no collaboration somewhere in the range of x1 and x2) HA: ? 3 ? 0 (x1 collaborates with x2) Model Building Goal is to build up a model with the best arrangement of autonomous variablesEasier to decipher if irrelevant factors are expelled Lower likelihood of collinearity Stepwise relapse system Provide assessment of elective models as factors are included Best-subset approach Try all blends and select the best utilizing the most noteworthy balanced R2 and least s? Thought: build up the least squares relapse condition in steps, either through forward choice, in reverse disposal, or through standard stepwise relapse The coefficient of incomplete assurance is the proportion of the negligible commitment of every fr ee factor, given that other autonomous factors are in the modelBest Subsets Regression Idea: gauge all conceivable relapse conditions utilizing every single imaginable mix of autonomous factors Choose the best fit by searching for the most noteworthy balanced R2 and most minimal standard blunder s? Fitness of the Model Diagnostic keeps an eye on the model incorporate confirming the suspicions of various relapse: Each xi is directly identified with y Errors have consistent change Errors are autonomous Error are typically disseminated Residual Analysis The Normality Assumption Errors are thought to be regularly conveyed Standardized residuals can be determined by computerExamine a histogram or an ordinary likelihood plot of the normalized residuals to check for ordinariness Chapter Summary Developed the different relapse model Tested the importance of the numerous relapse model Developed balanced R2 Tested individual relapse coefficients Used sham factors Examined connection in a diff erent relapse model Described nonlinear relapse models D

Rational Anarchism Essays - Anti-capitalism, Anti-fascism

Sound Anarchism The possibility of sound insurgency is the possibility that each person is answerable for their activities. The one individual who is doing the activities. The one in particular who can assume the fault. This is a thought of a character in The Moon is a Harsh Mistress. He accepts that regardless of how it comes down, the individual who the activities is liable for what they did. There are a few situations where I am for this thought and there are a few bodies of evidence were I am against it. I accept that individuals are liable for their activities yet not every one of them. They might be liable for their activities however it wasnt their decision to do the activity. Eventually, the obligation is theirs. On the off chance that you were a pilot that conveyed nukes and the military requested you to drop the bomb on a vulnerable town. On the off chance that you had a family back home that was living off your check and you chose not to bomb the objective, your entire family would need to pay for what you thought was the correct activity. What might the correct decision be? To let your family endure on the grounds that you thought is it wasn't right to bomb a specific spot? This resembles causing somebody to pick between some type of torment, it doesnt truly matter which one you pick, you get injured in some way or another at long last. Another model is the poin t at which you dont realize that what you doing isn't right. Let's assume you experienced childhood with an alternate planet were it was worthy to murder the feeble individuals who had disfigurements. If you somehow happened to migrate to somewhere else were it wasn't right to kill the feeble and you kill an individual the main day you arrive before you pick up anything about any laws or anything. Would that individual be answerable for their activities? He wouldnt the faintest thought of the laws in his new condition. It could have been recently his regular impulses mentioning to him to do what he does at home. I would believe that was nobody's flaw. You could take this point to an extraordinary and inquire as to whether somebody was spellbound. On the off chance that an individual is entranced and he is advised to slaughter somebody, whos issue would that be? In the event that a genuine levelheaded rebellion were to take a gander at a situation like this, I figure they would be astounded at the issue this makes. It couldn't be the keeps an eye on flaw, for he was entranced however he despite everything did the activity of murdering. Be that as it may, the man who entranced him is incompletely to fault, since he spellbound the man and told him to kill somebody. Since the genuine balanced rebel says that you cannot share or split fault, whose shortcoming would it be and why? That is the thing that puzzles me and leaves me halfway for this idea and incompletely against it. I surmise that all individuals are answerable for their activities yet at some point those activities can be affected by different variables, similar to companions, family and managers. This would be much the same as companion pressure: you dont need to yet you are in a manner compelled to regardless of whether you dont relize it. In the event that a supervisor requests that you take a shot at the end of the week, you may not have any desire to yet you realize you will establish a terrible connection on the off chance that you dont. this will very from companion to family however there will be some for of friend strain to cause you to accomplish something you didnt need to do. I do, on the other, hand put stock in certain pieces of Rational turmoil. Individuals are liable for what they do. In the event that I hit my sibling, I would be answerable for what I did. I think there is another piece of objective rebellion: for each activity you do there will be a result. Utilizing the model above, on the off chance that I hit my sibling, he will either hit me back or tell my mother and in any case, I will be harmed or get in a tough situation. I think regardless of what has been done, there will be results, regardless of if the activity is positive or negative. In the event that you accomplish something great you will likely get something great,

Murals of Senior Haus

Murals of Senior Haus Last Friday night at around 2 am I finally got around to visiting the Murals of Senior Haus exhibit in the Wiesner Student Art Gallery in the second floor of the student center. This exhibit was put together by former residents and friends of the Haus (Paula C. 12, Tara E.14, Ru M. 17, Sabrina M. 19, and  Anna B.), which was officially closed to undergraduates in July of 2017. The circumstances surrounding the closure were featured in various news outlets as well as on the blogs (see Joon, me, Sabrina, Allan). Residents and alumni were concerned about the future of the hundreds of murals that decorated the walls of the oldest dorm on campus, so a dedicated group of sympathizers spent summer days photographing the inside of the building in an effort to preserve the years of artwork. Interspersed among the murals are artifacts of the dorms long historyphotographs dating back to 1916, Sport Death memorabilia, old yearbooks. It would almost feel like a museum exhibit if I didnt recognize some of the faces in the pictures. As is MIT tradition, the exhibit was supplemented by a virtual tour of the dorm. x This was a particularly shocking corner for me. I used to walk along Memorial Drive to the Kendall T stop a lot (back in my PNR daze) and this sign was one of my favorite things to pass. I often thought about how long that green metal had been out there; how many people had seen it before me? And yet here it is, detached from its home of decades. x In this corner of the exhibit, past i3 videos (and various other videos produced by Haus residents) played on a loop. x A more complete repository of the murals (including ones not featured in this exhibit) can be found  here. This whole experience was very well put together, and I recommend you read more about it. This community is an important part of what makes MIT unique, and its disappointing (to me, at the very least) how things were handled last summer. However, it is important to recognize that this community did not suddenly die with the closure of its home base. I still see people in their Lambda Sigma Delta shirts on a daily basis. The 2021s talk about it with us. Steer Roast lives on (albeit in a less Institvte-involved way). My favorite response has been Henry Jenkinss Memories of Senior House series (1, 2, 3) on his personal blog. The former head of house really shines a light on what made Senior Haus something to write home about the people. This ordeal has made me appreciate more the memories that I make with other people here, despite the initial shock and sadness of loss. Post Tagged #Senior Haus #Senior House

An Globalized World Burden Of Private Investment Is...

Abstract: There is growing consensus among researchers and academicians that in this globalized world the burden of private investment is increasing over Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Because of a declining trend in public investment the task of capital formation rests over the shoulder of private investment and thus FDI playing a leading role in determining the fate of the economy. The economies receiving more inflow of FDI, are realizing a comparatively high growth and vice-versa. This is also expected to be happen in India. The present paper discusses the relationship between the inflow of FDI and GDP. It has been found that FDI has a positive correlation with GDP. the regression analysis between GDP and FDI of different sectors also supported the same result which shows that FDI inflow in India is playing very important role in determining the size of GDP. Key Word: Foreign Direct Investment, Sustainable Growth, GDP, Farm Production Introduction: The process of planning in India has always been sensitive to the needs of the poor and the plight of excluded from its early days. Government of India sought to solve all the socio-economic problems with the help of rapid and sustained economic growth, because our planners were working with the view that as the size of national income will be high individuals can share more and vice-versa (Hashim, S.R., 2007). Mainly because of this reason economic growth has always been the centre of objectives of India’s Five YearShow MoreRelatedThe Oil And Natural Gas Sector3323 Words   |  14 Pagesconsumption is increasing in India there is a need to add new capacity to meet demand. Globalization had a huge impact on this sector as it bought technological advancements which improved the recovery rate substantially. Through our studies we came to a conclusion that there is a vast opportunity to increase domestic oil refining which will eventually be a boom for refineries and distribution companies. This could be achieved through following strategic actions like approving 100 percent foreign ownershipRead MoreSouth East Asian Crisis2585 Words   |  11 Pagesthe face of a severe financial overextension that was in part real estate driven. At the time, Thailand had acquired a burden of foreign debt that made the country effectively bankrupt even before the collapse of its currency. As the crisis spread, most of Southeast Asia and Japan saw slumping currencies, devalued stock markets and other asset prices, and a precipitous rise in private debt. Though there has been general agreement on the existence of a crisis and its consequences, the exact reasons ofRead MoreImpact of Globalization and Bangladesh18126 Words   |  73 PagesApproved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington HeadquartersRead MoreGlobalization and Its Impact on Marketing Strategies5001 Words   |  21 Pagesperformance. To better capture global opportunities, firms tend to cooperate with other firms to capitalize on and leverage their limited resources since it is impossible for one firm to â€Å"do it all and go it alone. Similarly, in order to cope with increasing global competitive threats, firms are likely to form alliances .Based on the classical industrial organization perspective—the market power, firms form a lliances to reduce competition and uncertainty. Through such cooperation, companies gain marketRead MoreAN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN THE MINING SECTOR IN NIGERIA15805 Words   |  64 Pagesto estimate the environmental impact of Foreign Direct Investment in the mining sector in Nigeria. It is argued that only those countries that have reached a certain income level can absorb new technologies and benefit from technology diffusion, and thus reap the extra advantages that FDI can offer. The mining industry in Nigeria is dominated by oil. Indeed, Nigeria is the largest producer of this commodity in Africa and sixth largest producers in the world. This research study makes use of secondaryRead MoreIndustrial Relations Practices5039 Words   |  21 Pagesthe state and business community in Ghana had varied since independence. Though each government has had distinct relations with business and private sectors, civilian governments have ge nerally promoted and enjoyed good rapport with the business community while military governments especially in the 1980s have tended to have confrontations with the private sector. Their study used a multi-disciplinary approach that included both qualitative and quantitative aspects of the disciplines of politicalRead MoreImpact of Globalization on Indian Education3068 Words   |  13 Pagescultural fabrics of all societies.We live in an intensely interdependent world in which all immense differences of culture and historical experience are compressed together in instant communication. The international transactions in services are defined as the economic output of intangible commodities that may be produced, transferred and consumed at the same time. Traditionally services are viewed as domestic activities due to direct contact between producer and consumer and government monopoly in infrastructureRead MoreExport Import Marketing in Bangladesh16064 Words   |  65 Pagesgrowth of national wealth. Increased production in export sectors may become the prime mover in the development cycle in a densely populate of Bangladesh like our as this will generate employment opportunities which in turn will generate savings and investment on consequent flow of capital. The prime national objective of poverty alleviation will thus be materialized. Our export trade is featured by the dominance of a few commodities in a narrow market. Such dependence on at limited number of export itemsRead MoreNegative Effect of Globalization in the Philippine Economy4768 Words   |  20 Pagestheir own potential and opportunities for international business  as well as investment. Whats more, as a result of globalization governments all over the world worked towards the elimination of limitations to business and trade of goods and services across the world. With these new opportunities having hit the global economies so hard, industries took advantage by constructing new business corporations in foreign markets with their associates. This gave international trade and business andRead MoreLeather Industry in Pakistan17708 Words   |  71 Pagesof them the use of hi-tech for quality products and availability of skilled manpower to cater to the needs of the world market are also severe challenges to the industry. INTRODUCTION HISTORY Pakistan’s leather industry has grown gradually over the last 5 decades. The first 25 years saw the development and export of semi-processed leathers, which did not, required much investment and technology. Expertise was required in the purchase of raw hides and skins and a reliable supply chain Mechanism

James M. Cain s Mildred Pierce - 765 Words

The process of converting a work of art from one medium to another often requires a significant alteration of the content to fit the form and standards of the new medium. Adapted from 300-page novel to a 2-hour movie, Michael Curtiz’s Mildred Pierce is a prime example of a loose Hollywood adaption that makes drastic changes in characters, narrative configurations, and framing structure to conform to the standards and expectations of American cinema. Most ostensibly, the movie employs murder as a framing device and a hook to draw the audience’s attention to Mildred’s story, therefore transforming the linear, chronological plot of the novel into an episodic and achronological one. As a result, in Curtiz’s film adaptation of James M. Cain’s Mildred Pierce, we see several plot points in the story abbreviated and diminished, and many of the themes in the novel either lost or reduced. Both versions of Mildred Pierce depict the struggle of a woman during the post-Depression era to become independent after separating from her husband. In the book as well as the movie, Mildred’s actions and trials are a result of her desire to please Veda. She struggles to find a job and hustles to keep her restaurant business together to become financially independent so she can afford Veda the lavish lifestyle she craves. Near the beginning of the movie, we see a heartbroken Mildred who just discovered that the dress she has worked so hard to buy for Veda is nothing more to her than just a rag.Show MoreRelatedJames M. Cain s Mildred Pierce And The Movie Version ``896 Words   |  4 Pagesdisloyalty to the original author and readers. However, in 1945 Warner Bros. produced the movie Mildred Pierce based on the same name novel written by James M. Cain. This film not only became an exception in this general view, but also amazed the audience and even Cain himself by extraord inary performances and unique edit technique and literary point of view. There are a few distinctions between Cain’s Mildred Pierce and the movie version, mostly with the ingenious use of different point of views in severalRead More Themes in the Novel and Movie Adaptation of James Cain’s Mildred Pierce1573 Words   |  7 PagesAdaptation of James Cain’s Mildred Pierce In contemporary film making, â€Å"Hollywood-ization† generally refers to the re-creation of a classic work in a form more vulgar and sexually explicit than the original in an effort to boost movie attendance. After all, sex and violence sell. However, from the mid-1930’s to the 1950’s, â€Å"Hollywood-ization† referred to the opposite case where controversial books had to be purified to abide by the Production Code of 1934.[1] This occurred to many of James Cain’sRead More James M. Cains Novel Mildred Pierce: Comparing the Book and Movie Version869 Words   |  4 PagesJames M. Cains Novel Mildred Pierce: Comparing the Book and Movie Version Mildred Pierce is one of the greatest novels written by James M. Cain. After the success of the novel, the Hollywood film came out, produced by Jerry Wald. The novel and the movie are very different from each other. â€Å"James M. Cain sent several letters of complaint to producer Jerry Wald, objecting to the changes Wald wanted to make, especially the dramatic idea of making Veda a washout musically and putting her inRead MoreThe Studio System Essay14396 Words   |  58 Pagescomplete control over design decisions, the personnel of the department, the assignment of tasks, and the attribution of credit. In the autocratic system that prevailed at MGM Gibbons had complete control. According to the director, Pandro S. Berman, He was the most influential person on the lot except for the owners, Nick Schenk in New York and Louis B. Mayer in Culver City (Affron 17). Gibbons was nominated for the Academy Award for Art Direction 40 times. He received

Symbols Hills Like White Elephants Free Essays

Martin Chi English 102 Essay #2 Professor Crawford Hills like White Elephants In â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†, Ernest Hemingway, does not reveal the source of conflict between the young man and young woman in the story, but it is implied that the conflict is centered on the decision of abortion. The goal of the man in the story is to convince the young woman to have an abortion procedure. The goal of the young woman is to do whatever it takes to make her partner happy and thus preserve their relationship. We will write a custom essay sample on Symbols Hills Like White Elephants or any similar topic only for you Order Now The three main symbols are the hills, the white elephants and the rail road station. In the story, Jig looked at hills and said, â€Å" They looked like white elephants. † The man replied, â€Å" I’ve never seen one. † Then she replied, â€Å"No, you wouldn’t have. † (line 9-11). The hills symbolize the big obstacles that we must climb, but are not enormous mountains. This represents the fact that the girl’s baby is a major obstacle in her life, but ti is not the end of her life and she will make it through. Hills are also viewpoints to look out from, but also block the view for those in the valley. This represent how in the story Jig looks at the hills and sees opportunity, yuet at the same time the man looks at it and sees his vision of a positive and happy future blocked by the enormous obstacle of a child. Hills are also beautiful, natural and completely stationary. This shows that the baby will make them settle down and stay together. The author uses hills because pregnant mothers belly is a bit a hill itself. Being pregnant ties the mother down and makes her less mobile and more stationary. The element of the white elephant is symbolic of the baby. A white elephant is a precious item that has a cost which perhaps surpasses it usefulness. Jig has received a gift which is, at this time in her life, useless to her. It is a gift that could be priceless to another. The white elephant also symbolizes the fact that the man said he has never seen white elephants before. This is because he is not open to considering the possibility of keeping the child and wants the girl to have the abortion procedure. The rail road is symbolic of being at the crossroads of life during a time of crisis. The American man and the girl cannot stay at the station forever. They are travelling and there will be change. There must be a decision of where to go next. All of this is symbolic of the decision to keep the child or not. All travelling has a cost and so does the outcome of this decision. To either keep or abort the child is a costly decision. The young woman, Jig, shows herself to be very dependent upon her male counterpart throughout the story. She asks for his input on even the simplest of tasks, such as the choice and number of her beverages. Her behavior can be interpreted to be a sign of insecurity more than anything else. Jig trusts his judgment, feels secure in his company and seems willing to do anything to keep him around. When pushed on the issue of the operation, Jig shows no real concern for her own health or mental well-being, stating categorically, â€Å"I don’t care about me. † Jig’s main concern is whether or not she can make her partner happy so that they will â€Å"Be all right and be happy. It is doubtful that Jig went through with the procedure with a clear conscience, which is why she was so insistent that they would not discuss the matter any further. â€Å" Hills Like White Elephants† is a story about crisis. The American man and Jig the girl have a decision to make and there is no easy way out. Even making no decision is a decision. We all can easily relate to being in thi s type of situation. Hemingway, Ernest. â€Å" Hills Like White Elephant† . † The Norton Introduction to Literature. New York: W. W. Norton , 2010. 117-18. Print How to cite Symbols Hills Like White Elephants, Essay examples

Elasticity of Consumption of Unhealthy Foods †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Elasticity of Consumption of Unhealthy Foods. Answer: Introduction: It is seen that in order to improve health of consumers in the economy it is necessary that the government impose taxes or subsidy on the right goods to help people curb their consumption of unhealthy foods. Elasticity of demand pays a crucial role in helping the government decide the types of food they will impose taxes or subsidy this is because elasticity of demand tells the degree of effect on demand with a change in price of the goods. The demand for inelastic goods will not change with a change in price. On the other hand, demand for elastic goods gets affected to greater extent to slight change in price. Thus, in the particular scenario it is seen that some of the categories of dairy products and fruits and vegetable of higher calorie has high elasticity of demand while others low calorie fruits and vegetable have low elastic demand. Similarly, some of the high calories grains also have high elasticity of demand while low calories grain has low elasticity of demand. Thus, the government can increase the price of high calorie goods that has higher calorie, which will change the demand significantly. Similarly, it can lower the price of healthy and low calorie foods with higher elasticity so that with low prices the demand increases drastically. Figure 1: increase in government spending From the above diagram, it can be seen that by increasing total government spending in the economy, there will be an increase in money supply. This can be seen by a rightward shift in the LM curve from LM to LM1. With an increase in LM curve and money supply in the economy there will be more money in the hand of the people. This increases the savings of the customers shifting the IS curve to the right from IS to IS1. Increase in money supply initially leads to an increase in interest rate in the economy, which increases investment. Thus, such an effect for the temporary period until the IS curve does not shift and adjust the interest rate helps in increasing economic activity in the economy. During recession automatic stabilizers act in the economy in the form of increasing budget deficit automatically in the economy by reduction in corporate tax, low tax revenue from progressive taxes and others. Taxes from corporate profit reduce at the time of recession and low tax liability on the rich people during recession. This makes it necessary for the government to intervene with required fiscal policy. This is because a change in fiscal policy will stabilize the changing condition of the economy during recession such as increasing corporate tax or changing the type of taxes charged. Thus, separating fiscal policy from automatic changes will lead to the fall in economic condition further. Fiscal contraction that is ignored in the respective debate can be used to improve macroeconomic performances because with a contraction in fiscal policy such as increasing tax and lowering spending of the government the economy can curb wasteful spending on programs. This will lower interest rate, accelerate the rate of real investment, and reduce crowding out effect. This in turn leads to an increase in the national income of the economy. This is done because the spending on programs is not an investment and will not lead to addition to GDP of the country. Thus turning the spending from such programs to useful private investment will increase national income. Monetary policy as compared to fiscal policy work quickly on the economy as it directly effects the money market. This can be seen as with expansionary monetary policy the money supply increases in the economy and this leads to a fall in the interest rate. A fall in the interest rate leads to a fall in the investment as investment becomes less profitable. However, the effect is fast because it directly hits the money market, which allows the consumers to react quickly on it. On the other hand, fiscal policy takes time to put its effect on the economy. Thus, expansionary monetary policy is better than the fiscal policy.

Sibling Rivalry Essays (330 words) - War Gods, Ares, Athena, Zeus

Sibling Rivalry Sibling Rivalry Sibling rivalry is as natural as the human tendency to solve problems through war and bloodshed. Throughout time siblings have competed against each other in every matter imaginable. These competitions sometimes result in happy, memorable times and sometime cause life altering consequences. The causes of the rivalry seem to be about differences in personality, people and experiences outside the family, or the need to be distinguished. It is particularly intense when siblings are very close in age or desire the same thing. No sibling rivalry among mortals or immortals was more well-known, more violent, and lengthy than the rivalry between Ares and Athena. Ares was the god of war and his half-sister Athena was the goddess of war. They share Zeus, the king of the gods, as their father. Ares mother is the queen of the gods, Hera, while Athenas mother was the titan Metis. Both of them held powers in the different aspects of war. Ares was the god of war who in detail was more interested in the bloodshed, fear, and savagery of warfare. He is portrayed as a ruthless god with power which he uses to strike fear into the hearts of his enemies and he uses a barbaric fighting style. His lack of cleverness, wisdom, and over dependence on raw power made him easily outwitted. However Athena was a skilled fighter who enjoyed the intellectual side of war. She, unlike Ares, had principles such as justice, wisdom, and courage. She was interested in planning, tactics, and deliberate moves forward to execute a strategic war. She was worshipped in many cities of the Greeks who, due to her wise skills and love of peace, favored her more than the barbaric A res. The great city state of Athens was named after Athena and the Parthenon was built in her honor. Ares however was worshipped by the militaristic city-state of Sparta and by the women warriors called the Amazons. Because of their different approaches to...

Division Essay

Cell Communication/Death/Division Essay Cell Communication/Death/Division Essay CELL COMMUNICATION - animal cells = gap junctions to send signals (must be in direct contact) - plant cells = plasmodesmata - local signaling - signaling over a short distance - cell to cell recognition - local regulators - long-distance signaling - nervous/endocrine system in animals - plants use hormones, transported through vascular system - three stages of cell signaling - signaling molecule binds to the receptor protein - signal is converted into a form that can produce a cellular response - the transduced signal triggers a cellular response - G-protein receptors make up 60% of our cells - quorum sensing - capacity of bacteria to exhibited coordinated behavior in response to a particular population density CELL DEATH - apoptosis - controlled cell suicide - components are chopped up and packaged into vesicles = digested by scavenger cells - "blebbing" vs. apoptosis - triggered by death-signaling, DNA damage, protein misfolding - caspases - main proteases that carry out apoptosis - proteases - protein - digesting enzyme - necrosis - death by cell injury - cell bursts, â€Å"stuff† flies out - enzymes are unleashed into the ECF - results in inflammation, redness, pain, etc. - DNA is organized in chromosomes. -DNA is wrapped around histone proteins = chromatin (long thin fiber) -condenses further during mitosis = chromatin = chromosomes - mitotic chromosome = 2 sister chromatids -chromatids narrow at the centromere (not necessarily in the center) -homologous = same information - mitosis - divides the cell’s DNA between 2 daughter nuclei -4 phases = prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase - semi-conservative replication - conserve half of original piece = build two new ones - original piece is called the template strand INTERPHASE - G1 - 1st Gap - cell growth - S - DNA synthesis - chromosomes are copied -each daughter cell gets identical copy -error rate is about 1/100 million bases - G2 - 2nd Gap - further cell growth. organelles, proteins, membranes are created. Nucleus is well-defined, and DNA is loosely packed in long chromatin fibers (aka squiggly in the middle). PROPHASE - chromatin condenses = visible chromosomes - centrioles move to opposite poles of cell - spindle fibers go across cell to form mitotic spindle - microtubules - nucleolus disappears/nuclear envelopes burst TRANSITION TO METAPHASE/PROMETAPHASE - spindle fibers attach to centromeres - thus creating kinetochores - microtubules attach at kinetochores - connects centromeres to centrioles - chromosome begins to move METAPHASE - chromosomes align along the middle of the cell (metaphase plate) - spindle fibers coordinate movement - ensures that the chromosomes separate properly (1 copy per new nucleus) ANAPHASE - sister chromatids are separated at the kinetochores - move to opposite poles (pulled by centromeres) - microtubules lengthen as poles move further apart TELOPHASE - chromosomes arrive at opposite poles - nuclei form and chromosomes disperse - cytokinesis begins CYTOKINESIS - animal cells - constriction of actin microfilaments around equator of cell = cleavage furrow - splits cell in two - plant cells - cell plate forms - vesicles fuse = forms 2 cell membranes - new cell wall laid between membranes - new cell wall fuses with existing cell wall EVOLUTION OF MITOSIS - mitosis in eukaryotes likely evolved from binary fission in bacteria characteristics of binary fission: - single circular chromosome - no membrane bound organelles - no mitotic spindle REGULATION OF CELL DIVISION - multicellular organisms - must coordinate cell division across tissues/organs -timing,

Human Health and the Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Human Health and the Environment - Essay Example The differences between the two diseases are their lifetime immunity which Malaria has but the same cannot be said for yellow fever. Malaria is characterized by â€Å"uncontrollable shaking† while â€Å"Yellow fever is characterized by weakness and dizziness†.(Pinheiro & Rosa Ap, 1978) C. Why are yellow fever and malaria not threats at present in North America? The reason that both of these viruses are no longer present in United States of America is because of the fact that government has initiated vaccination programs, which has made it possible to eradicate both these diseases from the U.S and there is â€Å"strict laws for vaccination of immigrants and travelers coming from countries where malaria is still present and also for tourists travelling from US to abroad†. (Kilpatrick et al, 2006) D. Why is malaria such a significant hazard in Africa? Malaria is a serious hazard in Africa because of the fact that health care in Africa is virtually non-existent. Ther e are NGO’s and non-profit organizations working with African governments to eradicated diseases like HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Yellow Fever but to no avail because of the â€Å"corruption and lack of awareness among the African populace about these diseases†. ... E. Why does the number of West Nile virus cases in people increase in warmer weather? (1 points) Because the Mosquitoes gather the virus in early fall that is why the spread of this virus is most common in warm weather or summer. (Kilpatrick et al, 2006) 2. Write a criticism of the following proposition: â€Å"Although it is impossible to measure the gains exactly, a moderately warmer climate...†¦and reduced outlays for clothing†. It is unrealistic in a sense that climate cannot be changed until and unless the above proposition is supporting global warming. For the American people, they have become acquainted to the cold climate that befalls on the North American Continent. Even though a warmer climate would lead to fewer diseases but in the long run it is unrealistic. To decrease the ratio of sick people, it is necessary that people take vaccination, live and eat hygienically and as the saying goes, â€Å"Prevention is better than cure† should be given priority. L ooking at the concept of warm and cold weather, people in cold countries are less sick as compared to people warm countries i.e. India, China, and Pakistan etc. It’s not about how less people get sick depending on the climate it’s about the precaution and prevention they do. Most of us spend winter trying to stay heated, but a little bit of experience of cold weather may not be such a bad factor. There are two types of fat in an individual’s body: white-colored fat and brownish fat. Brown fat is the heat-producing, calorie-burning fat that infants need to control their individual body conditions. Most of it vanishes with age, but grownups maintain some brownish fat. A recent scientific research

Humor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Humor - Essay Example Every time the gray unicorn Charlie is misled and faces some loss or the other including his kidney, horn and TV. The video uses mainly three elements of humor to amuse its audience. Firstly, each of the videos in this series contains funny starts, for instance, a silly song, which is nice to hear despite its meaninglessness to the rational mind, comments with self-irony and funny names. (Medgyes, 8-9) In the first video as the three unicorns approach the Candy Mountain, the five letters of the word ‘CANDY’ begins to sing a song in order to invite Charlie inside the cave – â€Å"Its the mecca of love in the candy cave. They got jellybeans and coconuts with little hats† (Charlie the Unicorn). Coconuts and jellybeans normally do not have hats. In the second video, the Santa Claus type creature (known as Frogus) begins to sing a song asking Charlie to put a banana in his ear whenever he is sad – â€Å"Put a ripe banana right into your favourite ear! Its true† (Charlie the Unicorn 2). No one has perhaps ever done such a thing with a rational mind. The third video includes a silly song sung by the strange creature looking like a hybrid form of a goal and seal. The song is trying to convince Charlie how loved he is by all the creatures of the sea. The way they are sung is funny and their meaningless stems from the choice of words. Other examples of funny starts include self-irony - â€Å"What the-Oh, sleeping gas! Of course. Why did I expect any different?† (Charlie The Unicorn 3) Charlie gets carried away for a second but soon realizes that he has repeated the same mistake of following his friends’ advice and expresses it aloud, therefore striking the humor. Medgyes shows through examples â€Å"the fun of being self-critical† (Medgyes, 21). Funny names have been used frequently in the second video of Charlie where the giant sneaker is referred as the train and called the â€Å"choo choo shoe†. The pinka nd blue unicorn sings aloud – â€Å"Chugga

Recovery Room Discharge and Pain Relief

Recovery Room Discharge and Pain Relief Title: Select one aspect of care which you have undertaken in childrens nursing practice in relation to the discharge process and critically analyse and discuss the key components of that care in relation to your experience, discharge planning and the specific research/literature you have reviewed. Introduction The aspect of care to be discussed is pain management for a 4 year old boy after facial surgery, on a Nurse Controlled Analgesic morphine pump, being discharged from the recovery room to the ward The need for discharge planning in optimising patient care has been identified in many recent studies and papers (viz. Mills M M et al. 2006). The basic rationale in all arguments for discharge planning is so that mechanisms to facilitate discharge can be put in place both before interdepartmental discharges and transfers, as well as before the eventual discharge, throughout the period of hospitalisation, so that they do not overwhelm healthcare professionals, the patient or parents at the end of the stay in the facility, department or the hospital. A useful general tool for planning discharge is enunciated by Bruccoliere with identification of tasks and deadlines for transition tasks set shortly after admission and ideally incorporated into daily multidisciplinary ward rounds. This is specifically targeted at total hospital discharge, but has features aimed at departmental discharges or transfers. (Bruccoliere T 2000). This type of approach has been advocated by Halm who has expanded the tool to include a formal review by the responsible nurse (or team leader) for all paediatric patients whose discharge is anticipated within one week, to ensure that the discharge plan includes a projected day of discharge, a check on home equipment and medication, home health needs, home feeding plan, screening needs (e.g. car seat trial; hearing, developmental, or feeding assessment for the very young child), identification of a primary care doctor, and necessary follow-up plans in either primary care or the hospital outpatients. (Halm M A et al. 2003). Such measures may be appropriate for the patient in question at the end of their hospital stay. In this particular case however, one is considering a specific instance of interdepartmental transfer and the discharge planning mechanisms are therefore more specific. This particular examination of departmental discharge will be focussed primarily on pain relief. The key concepts of discharge planning where pain relief is a major feature (in specific consideration of these circumstances) are Assessment of pain Control of pain pharmacological and nonpharmacological Safe storage and use of opiates Individual pain control plans developed with the child and parent (longer term consideration) Appropriate hand over mechanisms for relevant healthcare professionals. (After Pagnamenta R et al. 2008) Outline of the child and family and context (include family involvement in preparation for discharge focusing on the particular aspect of nursing care (pain management). In line with elements of confidentiality outlined in NMC, this essay will refer to the patient concerned as Boy F. (NMC 2004) Boy F. had a delayed extensive facial reconstruction following facial trauma and had been in the recovery room for four hours while his blood pressure and other vital signs stabilised. Pain relief was identified as a major priority in his case. The family comprised of both parents and an older sister who had been present at the hospital throughout the operation and were known to be waiting on the ward for his return. It is known that the family are very questioning and highly involved with the patient’s care and that they would be full of questions relating to the morphine pump when Boy F returns to the ward. The policy of empowerment and education of the patient’s family has been fully embraced in this particular circumstance, (Howe J et al. 2003) and must therefore form a part of the overall discharge plan. Critical analysis of the evidence that supports this aspect of nursing care. Critically analyse and discuss the key components of the care provided in relation to your experience, the discharge process and the research literature reviewed. Break the discharge process into the 4 parts of the Nursing Process: assessment, planning, implementation and evaluation. Assessment (To include; Government recommendations on starting discharge planning on admission and having a discharge coordinator) There are two major elements to the assessment of this case. Planning and pain control. In terms of total hospital discharge, the Government has issued guidance in the form of â€Å"Discharge from hospital : pathway, process and practice (PPP 2003) which, although primarily aimed at hospital discharge, has sections of guidance on organisation of departmental discharges. This was formalised in the context of the NHS Plan (Department of Health 2000), which called for the establishment of a nominated discharge coordinator for each case. In any case of pain control, one of the most important elements of successful control is initial pain assessment. (Treadwell M J et al. 2002). This has the advantage of targeted and appropriate pain relief, but also allows for the retrospective assessment of pain levels to ensure that current dosage of medication is likely to be adequate. (Morton N J 2007) With problems inherent in effective communication with the younger child, a number of different rating scales have been developed and validated and these include the Postoperative pain score (PPS) for infants up to about 12 months, (Barrier G et al. 1999), the CHEOPS pain scale for children between 1 and 3 yrs old, (Taddio S E et al. 1994, the Faces scale for children back pain 3 and 6 yrs. (Champion G et al. 1998). Children older than this can often use a VAS (visual analogue scale) with reproducible accuracy. (Champion G et al. 1998). In the case of Boy F, the faces scale was used. The child is asked to indicate which, of a series of nine faces, best reflects the pain that they are feeling at the time. This tool is validated to produce a good repeatability and inter-rater compliance. This mechanism allowed for an assessment of the degree of pain perceived by the patient and appropriate adjustment of the Nurse Controlled morphine pump to minimise the pain experience for the patient. Planning (To include; justification of why planning is appropriate to discharge process with evidence) Post operative pain relief is likely to be a feature of Boy F’s case for at least the next few days. It is planned to keep the morphine pump in place for at least the next two days. It cannot be assumed that the nurse taking over the care will be completely familiar with the device, and therefore part of the planning process must be to make provision for the recovery room nurse to both demonstrate and satisfy herself that the receiving nurse fully understands the use of the device prior to the handover. (Yura H et al. 1998) Other aspects to be considered in the planning stage, are to ensure that the appropriate paper chain is competed relating to the controlled drugs. It is important also to establish that the receiving ward has the appropriate drugs (in the appropriate form) in stock and readily available after transfer. Other aspects of pain relief must be considered and would include the psychological aspects of pain relief. These are particularly important in the young child. (Suresh S et al. 2002). In the context of this particular situation one must consider empowerment and education of the patient even at this comparatively young age. To explain to Boy F what is happening, to give him the knowledge that he is surrounded by sympathetic people who will help him and to allow him to have confidence the he is surrounded by faces that he knows in otherwise strange and hostile situations, are all measures that will help to minimise the overall pain experience associated with the operation. (Carr A J et al. 2001). For this reason it would be helpful if the handover (discharge procedure) could be to a nurse from the ward who was already known to Boy F. if this was not possible, then the new nurse should allow sufficient time prior to handover to allow a period of familiarisation with Boy F. (Walker L S et al. 2002) Clearly there must be an element of planning to allow for this to happen. In the light of the potential of questioning by the family, appropriate measures should be anticipated, planned for and then instigated so that the ward nurse who effects the transfer would be fully aware of all aspects of the pain relief strategy. This would help to instil confidence into the family during an obviously stressful time. Implementing (what happened, how you implemented the chosen aspect of care e.g. notified the pain team back up with evidence) Implementation of the discharge plan was facilitated by requesting the receiving nurse to attend the recovery room allowing 30 mins. to be briefed on the use of the morphine pump. Prior to handover, the Faces (pain assessment tool) assessment was repeated to ensure that the patient was sufficiently comfortable. Written details of the analgesic regime were both explained and handed over prior to discharge. The Pain team in the hospital was notified of the discharge and requested to assess the patient on the ward. The receiving nurse was also able to utilise the time to allow Boy F to get to know and trust her. This proved to be particularly important later when the dressings had to be changed and Boy F was only happy if this nurse could do it for him. Evaluating (Reflective, evaluate the whole process, support with evidence) A reflective evaluation would suggest that this experience could be construed by taxonomies such as the experimental learning proposed by Steinaker and Bell, as providing a situation where a student could reflect and learn from considering not only the actual situation that arose, but also by investigating the background literature which forms the evidence base of the clinical situation. (Steinaker and Bell 1979). In essence, they suggested that an adult learns best by the provision of circumstances that are new experiences which could be evaluated and then used as a basis for further learning. I felt that this particular discharge form the recovery suite had been handled particularly well. Prior assessment and planning had allowed a smooth handover which proved to be beneficial for the patient as well as for the family, and was therefore professionally satisfying. Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of key aspects of discharge process in relation to child, family and aspect of nursing care The anaesthetist had made a good decision to allow nurse controlled morphine pump. Other anaesthetists could have simply prescribed stat doses of analgesia which may not have controlled the overall pain experience for Boy F in a satisfactory fashion. It is clearly important to consider all aspects of the discharge in terms of one’s own responsibility to the patient, and to facilitate a smooth transfer of responsibility to another healthcare professional. The key aspects of the discharge process have been set out above, and include anticipation of potential problems, risk assessment of these problems, formulation of measures to combat potential problems and their successful implementation. (Fawcett J 2005) Evidence of integrated theory and practice The concept of the multidisciplinary treatment team is important in this type of situation. The receiving nurse should be regarded as the nominated member of the ward team who takes responsibility of transferring information from the recovery ward to the ward team. The presence of a pain management team must not be overlooked. Nursing theory is clearly an excellent basis for practice, but there is an element of professional and clinical knowledge that is required to translate that theory into practice. Areas such as the establishment of professional empathy between nurse and patient are theoretical concepts (Mason T et al. 2003) but it requires considerable time and effort to translate the theoretical concept into reality. This is particularly true when dealing with younger children. (Hogston, R et al. 2002) Identifies implications for clinical practice (reflect upon your findings and outline implications for future practice) The findings from the investigation for this essay revolve around the clear need for assessment and planning of any discharge, whether it is from a department (as in this case) or from the hospital at the end of a course of treatment. This essay has identified various areas such as the knowledge of the receiving nurse relating to a morphine pump and the need to build an empathetic environment for the child to minimise his total pain experience as being crucial elements in the discharge process as well as more formal needs such as the need to leave a clear paper trail for controlled medication. Conclusion Summary of essay no new points here. (provide clear and concise conclusion) This essay has considered the case of Boy F and his discharge from the recovery room. It has assessed his needs, considered his imminent discharge from the department, considered the potential problems that might be encountered, formulated a plan of action to address these problems and presented some of the evidence base behind the theoretical issues, References Barrier G Attia J, Mayer M N, Amiel-Tison C Shnider S M : (1999) Measurement of a post operative pain scale and narcotic administration in infants using a new clinical scoring system : Intensive Care Med. 1999; 15 : S 37 S 39 Bruccoliere T. (2000) How to make patient teaching stick. RN. 2000;63 : 34 – 38 Carr A J, Higginson I J. (2001) Are quality of life measures patient centred? BMJ Vol 18 Issue 42 2001 Champion G Goodenough B, von Bayer C, Thomas W : (1998) Measurement of pain by self report, in Finley G, McGrath P, (eds) Measurement of pain in infants and children. Seattle, WA IASP Press 1998; 123 160 Department of Health (2004). The NHS Plan. A plan for investment. A plan for reform. Cm 4818. HMSO : London 2004 Fawcett J (2005) Contemporary Nursing Knowledge: Analysis and Evaluation of Nursing Models and Theories, 2nd Edition. Boston: Davis Co 2005 ISBN : 0 8036 1194 3 Halm M A, Gagner S, Goering M, Sabo J, Smith M, Zaccagnini M : (2003) Interdisciplinary rounds. Clin Nurse Spec. 2003; 17 : 133 – 142 Hogston, R. Simpson, P. M. (2002) Foundations in nursing practice 2nd Edition, London: Palgrave Macmillian. 2002 Howe and Anderson (2003) Involving patients in medical education. BMJ, Aug 2003 ; 327 : 326 328. Mason T and Whitehead E (2003) Thinking Nursing. Open University. Maidenhead. 2003 Mills M M, Sims D C, Jacob J. (2006) Implementation and Case-Study Results of Potentially Better Practices to Improve the Discharge Process in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Paediatrics Vol. 118 Supplement November 2006, pp. S 124 S 133 Morton N J (2007) Management of postoperative pain in children : Archives of Disease in Childhood Education and Practice 2007 ; 92 : ep14 ep19; NMC (2004) Nurse Midwifery Council: Code of professional conduct: Standards for conduct, performance and Ethics (2004) London : Chatto Windus 2004 Pagnamenta R, Benger J R. (2008) Factors influencing parent satisfaction in a children’s emergency department: prospective questionnaire-based study. Emergency Medicine Journal 2008; 25 : 417 419 ; PPP (2003) Discharge from hospital: pathway, process and practice : HMSO : London 2003 Steinaker, N. and Bell, R. (1979) ‘The experiential taxonomy: a new approach to teaching and learning’, Academic Press: London. 1979 Suresh S, Barcelona S L, Young N M, Seligman I, Heffner C L, Cotà © C J (2002) Postoperative Pain Relief in Children Undergoing Tympanomastoid Surgery: Is a Regional Block Better than Opioids? Anesth Analg 2002; 94 : 859 862 Taddio S E, Nulman I, Goldbach M, Ipp M: (1994) Use of Lidocaine / Prilocaine cream for vaccination pain in infants : J Paediatr 1994; 124 : 273 280 Treadwell M J,. Frank L S, Vichinsky E. (2002) Using quality improvement strategies to enhance pediatric pain assessment. International Journal for Quality in Health Care 14 : 39 47 (2002) Walker L S, Lewis Claar R, Garber J (2002) Social Consequences of Childrens Pain: When Do They Encourage Symptom Maintenance? Journal of Pediatric Psychology, Vol. 27, No. 8, 2002, pp. 689 698 Yura H, Walsh M. (1998) The nursing process. Assessing, planning, implementing, evaluating. 5th edition. Norwalk, CT: Appleton Lange, 1998. ############################################################## 12.9.08 Word count 2,834 PDG

India shine

As the first reports started to trickle in, the apprehensions of the party workers at 7 RCA and Congress WHQL began to crystallize to gloom. The early trends seemed to be daunting and slowly yet steadily the buildup towards the ultimate result was emerging. Beyond doubt the flow was In favor of Brutally Kanata Party (BGP), the major opposition party. By the end of the day†¦ The Congress was truly humbled with an abysmally low tally†¦ 44 seats, the lowest ever in the electoral history since independence. For the first time in two decades BGP emerged on its own as the arrest single party.Backdrop & Introspection The result had its impact, at the Congress Parliamentary Board Meeting, the next day. Party President Mrs.. Sonic Gandhi and the Vice President Mr.. Rural Gandhi offered to resign. In an expected twist to the tale, their resignations were not accepted and the party decided to take collective responsibility. There were many issues to focus and It was quite unclear as t o how the grand old party would seek to address these. For two successive terms, the party governed at centre along with Its coalition partners. 2004 elections sprang a definite surprise.The BGP government was on an upswing, the campaign was highly Innovative, the economy In good nick with growth rate around 9. 5% and the image of Its leader Mr.. ABA Payees was most respected. The party perceived itself to be in the driving seat and its campaign â€Å"India Shining† was expected to hit off well with the electorate. In spite of strong economic indicators, fairly good record of governance, general sense of well being and all the predictions of re-election, the BGP were stunned. The congress campaign negated the best of Bops claims thus enabling them to take the lead in forming the government.An intrepid and a politically innovative advertisement blitz failed to impress. The most unexpected happened and Congress secured its victory. The first five years I. E. 2004-2009, were con servative yet relatively non controversial. The symptoms of decline began to emerge. The economy was showing signs of recession, growth rate was on the slump, global economic conditions started to show challenging signs yet the congress managed to pull off In 2009 to get re-elected to form a coalition government again. Things began to change†¦ Emboldened by its re-election and the arty started to influence policies and decisions resulting in an indifferent state of governance, conflicts, dilution of control, ineffective monitoring. Ministries began to exert themselves and more or less operated with impunity and became non responsive to PM; abundance of corrupt practices and scandals broke out, economy began to decline with high inflation, price rise, unemployment, dropping investments, growing incidents of violence against women, Look pal agitation etc which put a great deal of pressure.The PM to large extent restricted his operations to his domain and as not seen exerting hims elf to bring the administration under his control. Coupled with this was the most Ineffective approach towards media and interaction on media which left the party scuttling for cover on many occasions. There emerged a general sense of strolls and stagnant state of affairs which was becoming a common overlook a large number of them. For the elections 2014, the focus of the party remained on personality I. E.BGP preliminaries candidate and the issue of secularism. The emergence of PAP and its impact was sidelined and many issues relevant to the runner context of elections were not taken into cognizance. The approach was quite ambivalent and ambiguous. The net result was a mixed message to the electorate looking for answers to questions which remained unanswered. Campaign Challenges : BGP By 2011, the BGP apparently began its preparations to target the 2014 elections. The party began its preparation with a focus on identifying the correct strategy.Having faced the double defeat in 2004 and 2009, it realized that success is possible if the party is able to project its image and be identified as a national alternative. In order to do so, it had to set itself on important issues namely Personality, Platform, Plank, Diversity, Demography and Development. By default, the PUP lead government seemed to pave way for crystallization of BGP campaign strategy by series of actions and inactions. As a first step, the BGP began the exercise of identifying a candidate suitable for spearheading the campaign.After a series of up's and town's, the party was able to narrow down to the CM of Gujarat, Mr.. Neared Mood. The choice was fraught with controversy as many including leading political analysts felt that this old endanger the Bops chances. Even within the party there was a dissent from senior leaders like ELK Divan, Cushman Swarms etc. The other national parties seemed to rejoice as they felt it was a trap BGP had set for itself and the choice would undo their chances. By 201 3, the official declaration took place and Mood was anointed the PM candidate, the face of BGP for the 2014 elections.While the choice of Mood was becoming a controversy, the approach towards elections was to be aligned. The reach out was tremendous, the political alliances were challenging, the geographical ileitis were imposing, the regional heavy weights were difficult to rope in, Mood as a choice was also alienating some erstwhile partners like JDK(U). The party had to identify themes and means to reach out to the target population and make a convincing pitch. The environment had undergone an extensive technology makeover since 2004.The decade has brought in changes in perception as regards elections, greater apolitical pro activity and dependence on reliable and fast communications. The demography too has undergone a rapid change; there was a growing sense of discontent on account of various factors effecting the society, economy and evildoer. Moreover, issues like unrest due t o nationalism, cross border tensions, reactive neighborhood etc also tended to make the Job of convincing electorate that much more difficult. Though the national situation on multiple fronts was grim, the fact that such a situation was a hidden opportunity or not was truly debatable.There were challenges in abundance and the choices were limited by time. The objective was to conceive and present a campaign which appeals to all sections simultaneously and converts the message to conviction and thereafter to action in terms of vote. Starting a campaign too early would be self defeating (2004 stands testimony for that) and too late would be ineffective or defensive (2009 a possible example). The question of when, where, how and who? For an effective campaign message and medium were to be identified and reinforced convincingly as a national alternative.Bops approach towards 2014 was characterized by structured planning and focused execution. It SE about the Job in a clinical manner wit h pre defined objectives to achieve. The campaign activity was set in motion by basic reorganization of the party dare, revamp & election of national executive, short listing prospective Prime Ministerial candidate, identifying issues relevant for campaign, projecting party agenda through articulate spokespersons, adopting multiple media options to leverage reach & communicate were part of numerous hurdles that needed to be considered.The national demography has undergone a substantial change and the increased awareness would also need specific attention. The climate across the country appears to have undergone a change with people across the cross section of society evincing a new found interest in elections. The youth and the educated middle and the upper middle class known for its disregard towards participation in elections appeared reengineering. A conservative estimate put the number of youth vote bank across the country was at 100 million.A substantial chunk of this needed to be harnessed and it was also essential for the party to enhance its vote share across the country. The party needed to correctly identify the challenges of multiple segments divided by diverse parameters such as culture, language, education, age, economic status, religion. Large number of local issues were taking precedence over sectional issues which diluted the party's influence visa–visa the regional players.The campaign called for deliberate action plan with defined objectives and with red flags across the time span to accelerate/ decelerate the campaign. The party decided to go all out leveraging the best of technical brains. A multi-tiered campaign was to be conducted with the objective of targeting and winning over the circumspect population in its favor.. The impact was like a corporate entity trying to rebind itself with a new product launch. There was branding, there was product development, here was segment specific media strategy and there was people to people co ntact.As the stage was set, the BGP was in top gear with the assemble results in northern states showing a thundering favor towards BGP. The time of opportune but the choices were different and difficult. Any misalignment would prove costly. The Aftermath The campaign was highly intense. Both the national parties pitched in all the resources. It was a no holds bar election with reputations at stake. The results were historic. An outright majority for BGP and an irrevocable domination of the Look Saba long with its allies.The congress and the PUP stood decimated. The results were a surprise & beyond all the expectations of all political parties, experts and election surveys. What went right for BGP and why? What factors in this election are lessons for use of effective advertising and media promotion? How did Congress â€Å"Fail to sense the pulse†? What went wrong with experts and pollsters who could not identify the mood? Did â€Å"Personality, Platform, Plank, Diversity, D emography and Development† influence the advertising and media choices and if so how?

My finger

Almost lost a finger When I was about 12 years old I loved to ride my Hard BMW bike around my neighborhood a lot with my friend nick. Nick and I used to fix our own bikes and learn how to do it all ourselves. We would work on our bikes all day every day and take them apart and put them back together, we got so good at riding and fixing our bikes we fixed are bikes anywhere at any time or at least I thought so. One day during the summer of freshman year nick and I went for a ride to the park down the street from y house to play soccer.After we played soccer at the park for a while we decided to go to nicks house to play video games and get something to drink. So as were riding back to nicks house my chin felt a little loose so I thought it was a good idea to try and fix it while I was riding. I put my in on my chain while riding the bike and my hand got stuck in the chain and I couldn't get it out and the only way to get my finger out was to peddle and get it out of the chain but once I peddled I felt this very sharp pain in my finger but didn't look till I got to my friend's house.Once I had finally looked at it, it took me a second to really realize my finger was Just barely hanging on by a small piece of skin. Nicks mom then did all she could and called my mom and said â€Å"you need to take Andrew to the emergency room†. My mom rushed over to nicks house and we went to the emergency room. After the x rays were taken of my finger they were able to stitch It back together and make sure I could still have feeling in my finger and that the bone healed well. My finger By Vanessa they were able to stitch it back together and make sure I could still have feeling in my

Wide Sargasso Sea and The Color Purple Essay - 864 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Problems, along with misery, become apart of life whether you’re willing to accept it or not. For those who have accepted such troubles, have also learned to cope with it one way or another. Antoinette’s character in â€Å"Wide Sargasso Sea† and Celie’s character in â€Å"The Color Purple† have both experienced problems with depression, loneliness, violence, inferiority, racism, and self-identity. It is important for such characters as Antoinette and Celie to express their emotions and have a method of working out there issues. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the novel â€Å"Wide Sargasso Sea† by Jean Rhys, the character Antoinette is left mainly to her own free will as a child with no friends and relied on herself to†¦show more content†¦Without a mothers love Antoinette becomes increasingly lost in thought and isolated, showing the early signs of her inherited emotional fragility. As an adult, insulting refrains would resurface in her mind as she becomes increasingly paranoid. Antoinette’s arranged marriage begins to distresses her, as she is married to a controlling white Englishman who feels alienated were she feels at home. Indeed, their marriage is a mismatch of culture and custom. Anoinette and her husband, Mr. Rochester, fail to relate to one another or comfort each other when Antoinette needs it the most. His unsympathetic feelings intensify her condition and even push her to fits of violence. An exile within her own family, a quot;white cockroachquot; to her disdainful servants, and an oddity in the eyes of her own husband, Antoinette cannot find a peaceful place for herself. Now she seeks refuge of the cruel world by surrounding herself in nature’s fold. Antoinette is fascinated with nature, which becomes a central character, and perhaps her only friend. Similarly, in the novel â€Å"The Color Purple† by Alice Walker, the character Celie also has a rough childhood. As a young girl, Celie is constantly subjected to abuse, rape, and told she is poor and ugly. Celie begins to write to God for guidance because she dose not understand what’s happening to her. At only fourteen, Celie is already pregnant with her second child as a result of rape from her father. He threatens her toShow MoreRelatedJane Eyre vs Wide Sargasso Sea Essay example1635 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Tyler Perimenis Professor Mathews English 2301W 21 October 2014 Symbolism through Theme Of Jane Eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea â€Å"To produce a mighty book, you must choose a mighty theme. No great and enduring volume can ever be written on the flea, though many there be that have tried it,† stated Herman Melville. As implied, without theme, no novel can be considered â€Å"mighty† or have any depth. Theme is essential in any work of art. Jane Eyre is a novel by Charlotte Brontà « that takes the readerRead MoreWide Sargasso Se The Intersection Of English And British Colonial Cultures Through The Union Of Rochester And Antoinette1502 Words   |  7 PagesJean Rhys’s novel Wide Sargasso Sea centers on the intersection of English and British colonial cultures through the union of Rochester and Antoinette Cosway. Rochester represents patriarchal and imperialist Victorian values, which Mary Lou Emery suggests thrive in part on â€Å"distinctions between...legitimate and illegitimate sexuality, madness and reason, primitive and civilized behavior, [and] fiction and fact† (428). Antoinette threatens these supposedly objective distinctions in her emotional (â€Å"‘AfraidRead MoreThe Interpretation of â€Å"Let Them Call It Jazz† by Jean Rhys.1440 Words   |  6 PagesThe interpretation of â€Å"Let Them Call It Jazz† by Jean Rhys. Jean Rhys is famous for her â€Å"prequel† to Charlotte Brontà «s â€Å"Jane Eyre† called â€Å"Wide Sargasso Sea†, however, it should be said that she was writing mainly novels. Her work are characteristic for using topics concerning the immigrants’ position in the West culture. The fact that she was born in West Indies influences deeply on her later publications in which she frequently presents her reflection on the problems that the strangers have to